India is a federal republic where the power is vested in the Central government. The states and their governments function in most respects like counties and municipalities in other countries of the world.
However, there are some significant differences between the state systems of other countries and that of India. This article highlights some key features of the Indian state system so that you can understand it better.
The states in India function with a defined set of powers and functions, which vary from one state to another according to their size, population, economic strength, geographic conditions, etc. Most states have been carved out from former princely states or large districts and union territories.
There are also smaller regions that are not considered separate entities but combine to form a single state such as Lakshadweep Islands or Mizoram or Goa which enjoy special status as Union Territories under Article 371 of the Constitution of India.
List of All 29 States in India:
1. Andhra Pradesh (AP)

Capital: |
Amaravati |
Population: |
94,550,000 (9.46 Crores) |
Language: |
Telugu, Urdu |
Website: |
ap.gov.in |
Region: |
South |
No. District: |
26 |
2. Arunachal Pradesh:

Capital: |
Itanagar |
Population: |
1,820,000 (18.20 Lakhs) |
Language: |
Mishri, Aka, Tagin, English |
Website: |
arunachalpradesh.gov.in |
Region: |
North Eastern |
No. District: |
25 |
3. Assam

Capital: |
Dispur |
Population: |
31,205,576 (3.2 Crores) |
Language: |
Assamese |
Website: |
assam.gov.in |
Region: |
North East of India |
No. District: |
35 |
4. Bihar

Capital: |
Patna |
Population: |
104,099,452 (10.41 Crores) |
Language: |
Urdu, and Hindi |
Website: |
state.bihar.gov.in |
Region: |
Eastern India |
No. District: |
38 |
5. Chhattisgarh

Capital: |
Raipur |
Population: |
31,530,000 (3.15 Crores) |
Language: |
Hindi, Chhattisgarhi |
Website: |
cgstate.gov.in |
Region: |
Central India |
No. District: |
33 |
6. Goa:

Capital: |
Panaji |
Population: |
1,570,000 (15.78 Lakhs) |
Language: |
Konkani |
Website: |
goa.gov.in |
Region: |
Southwestern |
No. District: |
2 |
7. Gujarat
7. Gujarat:

Capital: |
Gandhinagar |
Population: |
70,400,153 (7.4 Crore) |
Language: |
Gujarati |
Website: |
gujaratindia.gov.in |
Region: |
Western Coast of India |
No. District: |
33 |
8. Haryana:

Capital: |
Chandigarh |
Population: |
28,900,667 (2.8 Crores) |
Language: |
Hindi, Punjabi |
Website: |
haryana.gov.in |
Region: |
Northern Region |
No. District: |
22 |
9. Himachal Pradesh (HP):

Capital: |
Shimla |
Population: |
7,750,000 (77.50 Lakhs) |
Language: |
Hindi |
Website: |
himachal.nic.in |
Region: |
Northern India |
No. District: |
12 |
11. Jharkhand

Capital: |
Ranchi |
Population: |
40,580,000 (4.06 Crores) |
Language: |
Hindi |
Website: |
jharkhand.gov.in |
Region: |
Eastern India |
No. District: |
24 |
12. Karnataka:

Capital: |
Bangalore |
Population: |
66,165,886 (6.6 Crores) |
Language: |
Kannada |
Website: |
karnataka.gov.in |
Region: |
Southwestern |
No. District: |
31 |
13. Kerala:

Capital: |
Thiruvananthapuram |
Population: |
35,330,888 (3.5 Crores) |
Language: |
Malayalam |
Website: |
kerala.gov.in |
Region: |
Southwestern |
No. District: |
14 |
14. Madhya Pradesh:

Capital: |
Bhopal |
Population: |
90,170,000 (9.02 Crores) |
Language: |
Hindi |
Website: |
mp.gov.in |
Region: |
Central India |
No. District: |
52 |
15. Maharashtra:

Capital: |
Mumbai |
Population: |
131,590,000 (13.16 Crores) |
Language: |
Marathi |
Website: |
maharashtra.gov.in |
Region: |
Western peninsular region of India |
No. District: |
36 |
16. Manipur:

Capital: |
Imphal |
Population: |
3,640,000 (36.49 Lakhs) |
Language: |
Meitei, English |
Website: |
manipur.nic.in |
Region: |
North-Eastern |
No. District: |
16 |
17. Meghalaya:

Capital: |
Shillong |
Population: |
3,810,000 (38.16 Lakhs) |
Language: |
Khasi, English |
Website: |
meghalaya.gov.in |
Region: |
North-Eastern |
No. District: |
12 |
18. Mizoram:

Capital: |
Aizawl |
Population: |
1,410,000 (14.16 Lakhs) |
Language: |
English, Hindi, Mizo |
Website: |
mizoram.gov.in |
Region: |
North-Eastern |
No. District: |
11 |
19. Nagaland:

Capital: |
Kohima |
Population: |
2,189,287 (20 Lakhs) |
Language: |
English |
Website: |
nagaland.gov.in |
Region: |
North-Eastern |
No. District: |
16 |
20. Odisha:

Capital: |
Bhubaneswar |
Population: |
45,429,399 (4.5 Crores) |
Language: |
Odia |
Website: |
odisha.gov.in |
Region: |
Eastern |
No. District: |
30 |
21. Punjab:

Capital: |
Chandigarh |
Population: |
29,611,935 (2.9 Crores) |
Language: |
Punjabi |
Website: |
punjab.gov.in |
Region: |
Northwestern of India |
No. District: |
23 |
22. Rajasthan:

Capital: |
Jaipur |
Population: |
78,230,816 (7.8 Crores) |
Language: |
Hindi, English |
Website: |
rajasthan.gov.in |
Region: |
Northern India |
No. District: |
33 |
23. Sikkim:

Capital: |
Gangtok |
Population: |
689,700 (6.90 Lakhs) |
Language: |
Nepali, Sikkimese |
Website: |
sikkim.gov.in |
Region: |
Northeastern India |
No. District: |
6 |
24. Tamil Nadu:

Capital: |
Chennai |
Population: |
76,481,545 (7.6 Crores) |
Language: |
Tamil |
Website: |
tn.gov.in |
Region: |
Southern India |
N0.o District: |
38 |
25. Telangana:

Capital: |
Hyderabad |
Population: |
38,472,769 (3.8 Crores) |
Language: |
Urdu, Telugu |
Website: |
telangana.gov.in |
Region: |
Southern India |
No. District: |
33 |
26. Tripura:

Capital: |
Agartala |
Population: |
4,054,847 (40 Lakhs) |
Language: |
Bengali, English, Kokborok |
Website: |
tripura.gov.in |
Region: |
Northeast India |
No. District: |
8 |
27. Uttar Pradesh::

Capital: |
Lucknow |
Population: |
241,360,000 (24.14 Crores) |
Language: |
Urdu, Hindi |
Website: |
up.gov.in |
Region: |
Northeast India |
No. District: |
75 |
28. Uttarakhand:

Capital: |
Dehradun |
Population: |
11,090,425 (1.1 Crores) |
Language: |
Hindi |
Website: |
uk.gov.in |
Region: |
Northern Part of India |
No District: |
13 |
29. West Bengal:

Capital: |
Kolkata |
Population: |
97,694,960 (9.7 Crores) |
Language: |
Bengali, English |
Website: |
wb.gov.in |
Region: |
Eastern portion of India |
No District: |
23 |
8 Union Territories in India:
A union territory is a type of administrative division in India, which has its own government. U T are those which are under the direct control and administration of the central govt, unlike the states.
1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Population: |
414,700 4.15 Lakhs |
Language: |
Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam |
Website: |
andaman.gov.in |
Region: |
East India |
No District: |
3 |
2. Chandigarh:

Population: |
1,126,705 (11 Lakhs) |
Language: |
Hindi, Punjabi, Haryanvi |
Website: |
chandigarh.gov.in |
Region: |
Northern |
No District: |
1 |
3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli:

Population: |
378,979 (3 Lakhs) |
Language: |
Hindi |
Website: |
ddd.gov.in |
Region: |
Western |
No District: |
3 |
4. Delhi:

Population: |
18,345,784 (1.8 Crores) |
Language: |
Hindi |
Website: |
delhi.gov.in |
Region: |
Northern |
No District: |
11 |
5. Jammu and Kashmir:

Population: |
13,635,010 (1.3 Crores) |
Language: |
Kashmiri, Hindi, Urdu |
Website: |
Northern |
Region: |
jk.gov.in |
No District: |
20 |
6. Ladakh:

Population: |
301,289 (3 Lakhs) |
Language: |
Purgi, Balti, Shina |
Website: |
ladakh.nic.in |
Region: |
Northern |
No District: |
2 |
7. Lakshadweep:

Population: |
71,218 (70k) |
Language: |
Malayalam |
Website: |
lakshadweep.gov.in |
Region: |
Southern |
No District: |
1 |
8. Puducherry:

Population: |
1,375,592 (13 Lakhs) |
Language: |
Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu |
Website: |
py.gov.in |
Region: |
Southern |
No. District: |
4 |